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Browsing Published Articles by Author "Anthoney Swamy T"
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Item Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity in Senna didymobotrya roots methanolic-aqua extract and the selected fractions against selected pathogenic microorganisms(Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci, 2014) Anthoney Swamy T; Mutuku Chrispus Ngule; Jackie K. Obey; Akumu Edwin; Makau Elijah NguleThe study was done to evaluate antibacterial activity in Senna didymobotrya roots methanolic-aqua extract and the selected fractions against selected pathogenic bacterial organisms. The aqueous fraction of S. didymobotrya root inhibited B.cereus giving the best results followed by Salmonella typhi, P.vulgaris, S. liquefaciens and E. coli respectively. There was no inhibition for E. aerogenes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the organisms were significantly different in the zones of inhibition (p< 0.05). The ethyl acetate fraction of S. didymobotrya root extract inhibited B. cereus the best followed by, Salmonella typhi, P.vulgaris, S. liquefaciens and E. coli respectively(Table 1). The extract fraction did not inhibit E. aerogenes. The crude extract of S. didymobotrya root inhibited all the organisms, with the best zone of inhibition been that of Bacillus cereus (29.67±0.882), followed by P.vulgaris (16.67±0.667), Salmonella typhi (15.67±0.667), E. coli (13.33± 0.667), E. aerogenes (12.00±0.000) and Serratia liquefaciens (11.33±0.667). These results have shown that S. didymobotrya extract show significant activity against all the organisms tested. The inhibition of the plant roots extract to the growth of all the organisms greatly depicts the plant roots to have great potency towards the treatment of diseases caused by the organisms. The antibacterial activity of the plant roots is due to the presence of important phytochemicals as observed in previous studies. Further research needs to be done in order to isolate the active compounds, their structural elucidation, mode of action and their effect in the in vivo environment.Item In Vitro Antibacterial activity of Ethanolic - aqua extract of Tagetes minuta leaves harvested from The University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, Nandi County, Kenya(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES, 2015-05) Anthoney Swamy T; Jackie K. Obey; Terer E. Kipngetich; Miyogo EdwinTagetes minuta is a plant that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. In this study, the ethanolic extract of T. minuta was tested for its antibacterial activity against selected microorganisms of clinical significance. In an antibiotic susceptibility assay using the plant extract and DMSO control, the results from the study showed that the extract was active against Proteus vulgaris with zone of inhibition of 17.30±0.333mm, Escherichia coli 9.30±0.333mm, Salmonella typhi 11.83±0.44mm, Bacillus cereus 8.00±0.000 and Enterobacter aerogenes 16.67±0.882mm. The penicillin positive control showed high zones of inhibition while the DMSO negative control showed no zones of inhibition. An analysis of variance test on the results showed that there were significant differences in the zones of inhibition of the extract and penicillin against all the organisms (p<0.0001). These results have shown that the growth of these organisms can be controlled with the extract, hence making the extract components potential agents for incorporation into drug production.Item IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PITTOSPORUM VIRIDIFLORUM LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST LABORATORY STRAINS OF SELECTED MICROORGANISMS(International Journal of Bioassays, 2014-08-08) Anthoney Swamy T; Jackie K Obey; Terer Erick Kipngetich; Miyogo EdwinThe aim of this study was to analyse the antibacterial Activity of Pittosporum viridiflorum leaves extract against laboratory strains of selected microorganisms. Infusions of the bark of P. viridiflorum are used to treat stomach complaints, chest pain, malaria and other fever. The mean zones of inhibition of the extract against microorganisms were 12.67±0.882 mm for Enterobacter aerogenes, 12.50±0.281mm for Escherichia coli, 11.67±0.333 mm for Proteus vulgaris, 11.67±0.000mm for Bacillus cereus and 7.67±0.333mm for Salmonella typhi. The penicillin positive control showed large zones of inhibition and the dimethylsulfoxide negative control did not show any zone of inhibition. This report suggests that the extract was active against all the other organisms except S. typhi because the zone of inhibitions was less than 8 mm. Analysis of variance showed that the zones of inhibition of the extract and antibiotic control against the microorganisms were significantly different (p<0.0001). The Tukey’s honestly test further showed both significant and non-significant comparisons between the extract and controls for various bacterial organisms. This study has shown that controlling the growth of microorganisms in vitro can be achieved by the ethanolic extract of P. viridiflorum.Item IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC – AQUA EXTRACT OF PLECTRANTHUS ARGENTATUS LEAVES(World Journal of Pharmaceutical research, 2013-11-23) Anthoney Swamy T; Jackie Obey K; Ngule Chrispus MutukuThe study was conducted to analyze the antibacterial activity of Plectranthus argentatus plant leaves. The plant sample was extracted using methanol and water in the ratio 9:1. From the study the plant Plectranthus argentatus was found to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli with a zone of inhibition of 11.67 ± 0.882, Serratia liquefaciens zone of inhibition of 12.67 ± 0.667, Bacillus cereus 28.00 ± 1.154 and Proteus vulgaris 11.00 ± 0.577. The bacteria which had a zone of inhibition of less than 8 mm were termed to be unsusceptible. The data collected and documented in this paper is a scientific justification that the plant Plectranthus argentatus can be used to treat against various diseases caused by E.coli, S. liquefaciens, Bacillus cereus and Proteus vulgaris. However, more scientific data needs to be provided to indicate the mode action of the plant active compounds against the pathogens.Item IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE AQUA EXTRACT OF PHYTOLACCA DODECANDRA ROOTS AGAINST LABORATORY STRAINS OF SELECTED HUMAN PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOASSAYS, 2015-04-22) Anthoney Swamy T; Obey Jackie K; Miyogo Edwin O; Terer ErickThe aim of this study is to test the antibacterial activity of the aqua extract of Phytolacca dodecandra roots against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Salmonella typhi and Enterobacter aerogenes. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the zones of inhibition by the extract, penicillin antibiotic (positive control) and sterile distilled water (negative control) against the organisms. The extract showed the highest activity against Enterobacter aerogenes (16.333+0.882 mm), followed by Bacillus cereus (14.33±0.333 mm), Escherichia coli (14.00±0.000 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (13.00±0.000 mm). The zone of inhibition against Serratia marcescens was 7.33±0.333 mm, considered inactive because it is less than 8 mm. All the other organisms were not inhibited by the extract. The Tukey’s significant difference test showed significant differences with most of the pair-wise comparisons while a few zones were not significantly different from the other. The results from this study have shown that the aqua extract of P. dodecandra roots can inhibit both gram negative and gram positive bacteria in vitro. The pharmacologic mechanisms of action of the active ingredients must be studied and the active components can be considered for possible incorporation into conventional antibacterial drug production.Item IN VITRO CONTROL OF SELECTED PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS BY METHANOLIC-AQUA EXTRACT OF ACANTHOSPERMUM AUSTRALE LEAVES(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Analysis, 2014) Ngule Chrispus Mutuku; Jackie K Obey; Anthoney Swamy TThe current study was done to analyse the antibacterial activity of the methanolic- aqua extract of Acanthospermum australe. From the study, the plant was found to inhibit only Bacillus cereus (20.00± 0.000) among all the other organisms the plant was tested against. Penicillin inhibited the growth of all the organisms while dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) did not show any zones of inhibition. The study shows that the plant can be used to treat against infections caused by Bacillus cereus, however; more research needs to be done to isolate the active compounds, determine their structural composition and their mode action in inhibiting the bacteria.Item PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF LANTANA CAMARA LEAVES’ SMOKE(International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2014-06) Akumu Edwin O; Anthoney Swamy T; Mutuku Chrispus Ngule; Jackie K. ObeyLantana camara has been named as one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. The plant has been used in various communities for treatment against various diseases. The plant has been found to have antibacterial activity, anticancer activity, anti-fungal activity, antihelmentic activity, anti hyperglycemic activity and antioxidant activity. The plant’s leaves smoke has also been found to have mosquito repellent activity. The KEY WORDS current study was done to evaluate phytochemistry of the smoke from its leaves. This study revealed the presence of several compounds from its smoke. Acetone extract was found to contain only alkaloids, methanol extract was found to contain tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids while the aqua extract was found to contain only flavonoids. Further research needs to be done to determine the structural composition of these compounds their mode of action and their effect in the in vivo environment.