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Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of Athletes Undertaking Training in Nandi County
(University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, 2025) Atieno, L. B.; Boor, F. K.; Wakoli, A. B.; Kiptui, C. J.; Chepkoech, M.
Training and competing in sports involve a range of activities of varying energy demands. Athletics is one of the sports where athletes might face a challenge in balancing their individual energy needs due to inadequate dietary intake and restriction of energy intake to maintain a low body mass and fat level. In addition, understanding of the required practice of sports nutrition will contribute to optimal athletic performance. This study intended to assess the nutrition knowledge, nutritional status and dietary intake of athletes in selected training camps of Nandi County.
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed where four training camps were purposively selected for the study. A total of 82 athletes were conveniently recruited into the study. A self-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measuring equipment for weight and height were used for data collection. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Spearman correlation was used to check for correlations at a significance level of 0.05.
From the study findings, nearly all (98.8%) of the respondents had heard about sports nutrition; of these, coaches were leading at 48.8% while nutritionists stood at 18.3%. Generally, dietary intake was adequate. Over three-quarters (82%) of respondents had a normal BMI. A Spearman correlation found no significant correlation (p>0.05) between nutritional status and dietary intake as well as nutritional knowledge of athletes.
The study indicated the highest source of nutritional knowledge were coaches with nutritionists being among the least sourced. This might have compromised the accuracy of information received. Therefore, it is crucial for nutritionists to take lead and at the same time coaches, sports managers and scientists be furnished with guidelines on sports nutrition in order to guarantee that athletes are given appropriate and reliable information.
Israel as a Kingdom of Priests: An Exegetical Study of Exodus 19:6a
(Pan-African Journal of Theology, 2023) Bundi, Andrew
The promise “you will be to me a kingdom of priests” in Exodus
19:6 receives little attention from a number of commentaries. Those
commentaries that discuss the promise offer varying interpretations.
This article seeks to exegetically examine the promise in its
immediate context and a wider context of the Pentateuch. This is
done through an examination of the grammatical, syntactical and
semantic implications of waw conjunction in the immediate literary
context of the text and the text itself. The waw conjunctions between
the clauses 5c, 6a and 6b in Exodus 19, are waw copulatives that
function to create a hendiadys construction. This means the
promises that God would make Israel his “possession”, a “kingdom
of priest” and a “holy nation” are intricately related, overlapping
and representing different aspects of a complex situation though not
logically related. Furthermore, clauses 5c, 6a and 6b are logically
contingent and consequential to clauses 5a and 5b. Stated more
explicitly, Israel would become God’s possession, a kingdom of
priests and a holy nation if they would listen to God’s voice and
keep his covenant. A wider study of the promise in the context of the
Pentateuch lead to the conclusion that God’s promise to make Israel
a nation alludes to God’s Covenant to Abraham. Israel becomes a
holy nation because of God’s presence among them. By mediating
God to other nations, they act as a kingdom of priests. By being
priests, they are a special possession to God.
An Analysis of Extrinsic Motivation Strategies Employed at Kipchabo Tea Factory, Nandi County, Kenya
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2025-04) Lelimo, Abraham K.; Gitonga, Nathan; Misoi, Meshack
The top priority of many corporate organizations currently is to enhance employee performance so as to attain the desired outcomes from them, but this is proving to be more difficult and challenging because of the competitive atmosphere of the company setting. Among the key industries affected is the tea industry, which is among the fast-growing industries in Kenya. This study examined extrinsic motivation strategies used in Kipchabo Tea Factory, Nandi County. The study sought to identify the types of motivation employed at Kipchabo Tea Factory and was guided by Herzberg’s and Maslow’s theories of motivation. A descriptive research design was adopted. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, yielding a coefficient of 0.709. Findings indicated mean scores ranging from 2.98 to 3.28 across extrinsic motivation indicators, including recognition and awards, promotion, job security, workplace environment, training and development, team building activities, leadership and management support, and compensation and benefits. The results indicate good implementation of extrinsic motivation strategies at Kipchabo Tea Factory. The study concludes that effective integration of these strategies into daily operations and human resource practices, together with employee feedback, can enhance employee performance.
Fault Characterization from Lineaments based on Magnetic Data: A Case Study of Magadi Geothermal Prospect, Kenya
(Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), 2025) Odero, Evance; Githiri, John; K’Orowe, Maurice; Jayanti, Patel
Fault characterization is a crucial aspect of exploring geothermal resources. This study aims to characterize faults from lineaments using magnetic data from the Magadi-Nguruman area, west of Lake Magadi, within the Kenyan Rift system. Magnetic data were reduced to pole before lineament generation using the Centre of Exploration Targeting (CET) processes and Euler Deconvolution. A rose diagram was used to determine the orientation of 21 major lineaments. Seven cross-sectional slices across the lineaments provided data for calculating Euler solutions for linear magnetic anomaly sources. The Euler plots delineated the approximate depth, dip angles, identity, and strike of the structures linked to the lineaments. Results characterized 80% of the generated lineaments as faults, generally striking N-S. The dipping angles ranged between 36° and 83°, mostly dipping toward the southern basement of Lake Magadi. Depths of detected faults ranged from 0.25 km to 0.74 km. The observed trends align with reported regional fault orientations, confirming the reliability of the method. The study indicates that Magadi-Nguruman is sufficiently faulted for a possible geothermal system near Lake Magadi.
Adherence to iron deficiency interventions among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ubungo municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
(Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 2025-01-22) Glory Benjamin; Ezra J. Mrema; Nchang’wa Nhumba; Albert Burudi Wakoli; Hussein H. Mwanga
Abstract
Background
Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women remains a public health concern despite iron deficiency interventions that have been implemented. This study investigated adherence to iron deficiency interventions and the associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ubungo Municipality.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used a systematic random sampling technique to obtain 503 participants from the surveyed clinics. Interviews were conducted by using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17. The study employed binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with adherence to iron deficiency interventions.
Results
In this study, 72% of participants were non-adherent and 28% were adherent to the interventions. In multivariable regression analysis, participants who forgot to take their iron tables on most days (AOR 2.35; 95% CI 1.23–4.48) and those who reported that not enough time was spent on education and counseling during antenatal clinic visits (AOR 3.87; 95% CI 1.08–13.84) were more likely to be non-adherent to iron deficiency interventions.
Conclusions
Majority of pregnant women in Ubungo Municipality were non-adherent to iron deficiency interventions. Non-adherence was associated with a tendency to forget taking iron tablets, and lack of enough time in providing health education and counseling. Improving the quality of health education and counseling could increase adherence to iron deficiency interventions and reduce maternal–child morbidity and mortality rates.