Browsing by Author "Ramesh F"

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    EFFECT OF SAGO EFFLUENT ON THE LEVELS OF THE ENZYME ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER TISSUE OF THE FRESH WATER FISH CLARIAS BATRACHUS
    (International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Science, 2023) Ramesh F; Gracelyn Portia A
    The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Sago effluent on the enzymeAlkaline phosphatase in the liver tissue of the fresh water fish Clariasbatrachus. The fish were exposed to control and different concentrations of treated sago effluents. The concentrations chosen were 25%, 50% and 75% of treated sago effluent. The levels of the enzyme decreased significantly in the liver tissue of the experimental fish Clariasbatrachus, when compared with that of controls.
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    ESTIMATION OF FLORAL DIVERSITY AND POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF INTRODUCED SPECIES AT THE NATURE PRESERVE, UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA, BARATONL KENYA
    (International*Journal*of*Bioassays, 2013-12-13) Ramesh F; Kirui J
    Biological!diversity!(Biodiversity)!is!the!variety!of!life!on!earth.!Measurement!of!biodiversity!is!one!of!the! greatest!scientific!challenges!of!our!time.!It!is!also!one!of!the!most!urgent!because,!we!must!address!the!problem! soon!or!we!will!lose!the!chance!forever!since!many!species!are!becoming!extinct!without!trace.!Introduced!species! is!among!the!factors!that!cause!native!species!to!go!extinct.!Biodiversity!is!normally!considered!at!the!species!level,! and!that!the!species!diversity!of!an!area!is!a!measure!of!both!the!number!of!species!present!and!their!relative! abundance.!In!this!study!trees!and!shrubs!were!only!considered.!The!objectives!of!the!study!was!to!determine!the! number!of!species!of!trees!and!shrubs!and!to!compare!the!relative!abundance!of!introduced!species!with!the!total! floral!biodiversity!at!the!University!of!Eastern!Africa,!Baraton!(UEAB)!nature!preserve.!The!purpose!was!to!develop! an!inventory!of!trees!and!shrubs!and!to!create!a!case!for!the!potential!effect!of!introduced!species!to!native!species! and!eventual!loss!of!biodiversity.!The!study!was!conducted!over!a!period!of!five!weeks!with!sampling!done!twice! every! week.!Data!was!collected!by!the!Belt!transect!method!and!analyzed!by!descriptive!statistics.!The!results! indicated! that! nature! preserve!is! rich! in! species! diversity! and! native!species!diversity! is! lower!compared!to!the! relative!abundance!of!introduced!species.!
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    HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER OF DRUG RESISTANCE GENES BETWEEN SALMONELLA AND ESCHERICHIA COLI
    (International Journal of Bioassays, 2014-03-12) Willy K Kemboi; Wanje Raphael; Ramesh F
    The physiological process that takes in the living organism is coded by a section of the DNA, the gene. Even resistance to antimicrobial by bacteria is conferred by resistant gene. Resistant Salmonella spp. and susceptible E. coli was used to study drug resistance gene transfer, which can be transferred by conjugation, transduction, or transformation. Materials used are, DST media, inoculating loops and sterile swaps Furthermore, eight antibiotics were used in the study. The susceptibility and resistance of the E, coli and Salmonella spp. was first confirmed. Diagnostic sensitivity test of the E. coli under three conditions (E. coli+ Dead Salmonella spp, E. coli+ live Salmonella spp, E. coli+ DNA) were done. Results from the study confirm that the susceptible bacteria, E. coli was able to acquire resistance genes from resistant Salmonella spp under the three conditions. Results proved that the most efficient means of acquiring resistance genes is through conjugation. It is recommended antibiotics that alter the cell wall as the most effective in capping resistance.
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    IMPACT OF SAGO EFFLUENT ON THE LEVELS OF ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER TISSUE OF THE FRESH WATER FISH CLARIAS BATRACHUS
    (International Journal of Bioassays, 2013-08) Ramesh F; Gracelyn Portia A
    The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Sago effluent on the activity of Acid phosphatase in the liver tissue of the fresh water fish Clarias batrachus. The fish were exposed to control and different concentrations of treated sago effluents. The concentrations chosen were 25%, 50% and 75% of treated sago effluent. The levels of the enzyme acid phosphatase decreased significantly in the liver tissue of the experimental fish Clarias batrachus, when compared with that of controls.
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    INFLUENCE OF TREATED SAGO EFFLUENT ON THE GROWTH RATES OF THE FRESH WATER FISH CATLA CATLA
    (International Journal of Bioassays, 2014-02-11) Ramesh F; Nagarajan K
    Sago industrial effluent was selected in the present study and the effect of this effluent on the growth rates of the fresh water fish Catla catla was studied. The LC50 was determined at 72 hours in both the untreated and treated sago effluents using Finney’s probit analysis. 2% and 25% were determined as LC50 for untreated and treated sago effluents. The growth rates of the fish Catla catla were recorded by exposing them to control, 10%, 15% and 20% concentrations of treated sago effluent. The maximum growth rates were recorded in 15% concentration of the treated sago effluent. At each concentration the feeding rate, conversion rate and conversion efficiency were calculated. The results were discussed in light of the toxicity and the possible utility value of the sago effluent for aquaculture.
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    Phytochemical and Antibacterial Potential of Vernonia Adoensis Stem Bark to Curb Cariogenic Microorganisms
    (American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 2016) Stephen W. Muhindi; Chrispus M. Ngule; Ramesh F
    Background: Oral diseases are one of the most common diseases of humankind, which have received little attention globally. Weak health care systems, high cost of conventional oral hygiene agents and drug resistance are the major confounding factors in the fight against oral infections. Plants offer alternative arsenal of cheap and safe agents in enhancing oral health. Additionally plants present a blend of compounds which work concertedly against the microbes. This mechanisms of action provides negligible chances of drug resistance. This study was undertaken to assess the antibacterial activity of Vernonia adoensis against selected common oral microorganisms. Objectives: To test the phytochemicals present and the antibacterial activity of methanol and acetone extracts of Vernonia adoensis stem bark against selected cariogenic microorganisms. Methodology: The plant samples were extracted using maceration method using methanol and acetone as solvents. Phytochemicals screening was done using standard procedures with minor adjustments and antibacterial activity was done using disc diffusion method. Results: The plant extracts were found to inhibit the growth of all selected cariogenic bacteria, except Streptococcus pyogenes which was found to be resistant against the acetone extract. All phytochemicals tested in the plant stem bark were present. Discussion: The effectiveness of the plant against cariogenic bacteria could be attributed to the presence of various phytochemicals found in the plant. The present study demonstrates that the stem bark of Vernonia adoensis has the potential to prevent orally infectious diseases caused by the selected cariogenic microorganisms.
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    THE LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF INDIGOFERA ARRECTA LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST CULEX MOSQUITO LARVAE
    (International Journal of Bioassays, 2014-11-13) Raheli Neema M; Ojunga M; Ramesh F
    The present study was done to assess the larvicidal activity of the Java indigo plant against the larvae of culex mosquito. The plant leaves were extracted using methanol and water (9:1). After extraction a bioassay was conducted to test its activity in the larva of culex mosquito. The mortality data was subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentration. The Java indigo leaf extract can be used as a natural insecticide control against the Culex mosquito larvae.
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    USING CONVENTIONAL METHODS TO DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF TOILET SEAT CONTAMINATION BY TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA, BARATON, KENYA
    (International Journal of Bioassays, 2015-01-14) Willy K Kemboi; Jackie Grear; Ramesh F
    This study pursued to investigate the possibility of transmission of sexually transmitted disease Trichomoniasis, via a toilet seat. The disease is caused by a single cell protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. For quite some time, acquisition of Trichomoniasis is believed to be through sexual intercourse and little evidence is via sharing the bathroom tools. A number of investigations have been done and published on the possible relationship that infection with Trichomoniasis escalates the infected susceptibility to HIV/AIDS. In this study, women toilets seats were examined in University of Eastern Africa, Baraton using; wet mount and Gram stain method. The data collected and examined showed that there is statistically significant evidence that trophozoites deposited by infected women on the toilet seats in University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, can cause an infection to health users (P <0.05).