Browsing by Author "Makau Elijah Ngule"

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    Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity in Senna didymobotrya roots methanolic-aqua extract and the selected fractions against selected pathogenic microorganisms
    (Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci, 2014) Anthoney Swamy T; Mutuku Chrispus Ngule; Jackie K. Obey; Akumu Edwin; Makau Elijah Ngule
    The study was done to evaluate antibacterial activity in Senna didymobotrya roots methanolic-aqua extract and the selected fractions against selected pathogenic bacterial organisms. The aqueous fraction of S. didymobotrya root inhibited B.cereus giving the best results followed by Salmonella typhi, P.vulgaris, S. liquefaciens and E. coli respectively. There was no inhibition for E. aerogenes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the organisms were significantly different in the zones of inhibition (p< 0.05). The ethyl acetate fraction of S. didymobotrya root extract inhibited B. cereus the best followed by, Salmonella typhi, P.vulgaris, S. liquefaciens and E. coli respectively(Table 1). The extract fraction did not inhibit E. aerogenes. The crude extract of S. didymobotrya root inhibited all the organisms, with the best zone of inhibition been that of Bacillus cereus (29.67±0.882), followed by P.vulgaris (16.67±0.667), Salmonella typhi (15.67±0.667), E. coli (13.33± 0.667), E. aerogenes (12.00±0.000) and Serratia liquefaciens (11.33±0.667). These results have shown that S. didymobotrya extract show significant activity against all the organisms tested. The inhibition of the plant roots extract to the growth of all the organisms greatly depicts the plant roots to have great potency towards the treatment of diseases caused by the organisms. The antibacterial activity of the plant roots is due to the presence of important phytochemicals as observed in previous studies. Further research needs to be done in order to isolate the active compounds, their structural elucidation, mode of action and their effect in the in vivo environment.
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    PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF FRESH TETRADENIA RIPARIA LEAVES WATER EXTRACT AGAINST SELECTED PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS
    (International Journal of Bioassays, 2014-05-17) Mutuku Chrispus Ngule; Mueni Hellen Ndiku; F Ramesh; Makau Elijah Ngule
    The use of plants as a source of medicine is as old as man himself. Plants have been used since time immemorial to treat against various diseases affecting human beings all over the world. Before the invention of synthetic drugs, traditional medicine dominated the world. The study was conducted to analyze the antibacterial activity phytoconstituents of Tetradenia riparia plant. The samples were extracted using water solvent. The phytoconstituents study was done using standard procedures. The bioassay was done using well diffusion method. From the study, Tetradenia riparia was found to contain tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, alkaloids and steroidal rings, but terpenoids, steroids and steroidal nucleus were found to be absent in the plant extract. The fresh leaves water extract of the plant Tetradenia riparia inhibited the growth of all the microorganisms used. The zones of inhibition were high in Salmonella typhi (21.00±0.000), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus cereus with inhibition zones of 18.67±0.577, 18.00±0.333 and 18.00±0.577 respectively. Serratia marcescens and Serratia liquefaciens had inhibition zones of 13.00±0.333 and 13.33±0.577 respectively. Escherichia coli had the least inhibition zone of 9.67±0.577. Penicillin which was used as the positive control inhibited the growth of all the microorganisms tested while DMSO (negative control) did not show any inhibition zones against any of the microorganisms tested. The current study may be a partial scientific justification of the plants use in the treatment against the infections caused by all the tested microorganisms.
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    QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS IN TRAGIA BREVIPES PLANT
    (International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Analysis, 2013) T Anthoney Swamy1; Ngule Chrispus Mutuku; Makau Elijah Ngule; Ramesh Francis
    The study was conducted to analyze the phytoconstituents of Tragia brevipes plant leaves. The plant samples were extracted using methanol and water in the ratio 9:1. The phytoconstituents study was done using standard procedures [18, 19 and 20]. From the study Tragia brevipes was found to contain tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, phenols, steroidal nucleus and steroidal ring, but alkaloids and steroids were found to be absent in the plant extract.