Browsing by Author "F. Ramesh"

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    Assessment of the Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Donated Blood at Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Eldoret, Kenya
    (International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2018) P. Chemutai; F. Ramesh; Frank K. Onyango
    To detect Chlamydia trachomatis in donated blood at Regional Blood Transfusion center, Eldoret. Methodology: A random selection blood sample was done for this study for a period of one month from July 24th 2017 to August 24th 2017. Blood bags were numbered 1-87 and picked amongst unnumbered blood bags by each donor in order of donation. The samples obtained were subjected to centrifugation and serum used in the immunoassay test by using the Chlamydia trachomatis IgG/IgM Elisa test kit. Results: This study showed that C. trachomatis was present in 8% (7 samples) of the blood samples analyzed and 92% were found to be negative. Conclusion: With 8% of the samples testing positive for Chlamydia trachomatis this indicated that some of the blood donated to the Regional Transfusion Center is contaminated.
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    Chemical Constituents Screening and in Vitro Antibacterial Assessment of Prunus Africana Bark Hydromethanolic Extract
    (Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2014) Mutuku Chrispus Ngule; Mueni H. Ndiku; F. Ramesh
    Worldwide many people use plants as a source of medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Plants have been used since the origin of man in the treatment of diseases even before the invention of allopathic drugs. Plants’ originating drugs are believed to be safe, readily available and affordable especially to people living in developing countries. The current study was done to analyze the antibacterial activity and perform phytochemical screening of the plant Prunus africana bark. The plant samples were extracted using methanol and water in the ratio 9:1. The antibacterial activity was done using well diffusion method and the chemical constituents screening was done using standard procedures. From the results the plant was found to contain all the phytochemicals tested except steroids. The plant inhibited the growth of all the microorganisms tested. Salmonella typhi had the highest zone of inhibition of 17.33±0.882, then Proteus vulgaris with a zone of inhibition of 16.67±0.333, Serratia marscecens 16.67±0.333, Escherichia coli 12.33±0.333 and Bacillus cereus 11.67±0.333 zone of inhibition. Penicillin which was used as the positive control inhibited the growth of all the microorganisms tested while the negative control did not inhibit any of the microorganisms. The inhibition of the plant against all the microorganisms is a clear indication that if further study is done the plant can be used in treatment against infections caused by the microorganisms tested. Further research needs to be done to isolate the active compounds and analyze their structural composition, their mode of action and their effect in the in vivo environment.
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    Comparative Account of Untreated and Treated Sago Effluent Analysis by Investigating Different Physical and Chemical Parameters
    (International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, 2013) F. Ramesh; K. Nagarajan; A. Gracelyn Portia
    With the rapid growth of industries, pollution in natural waters by industrial wastes has increased tremendously. Due to lack of treatment and improper modes of disposal of wastes, the water bodies are polluted and they carry deadly substances. The present work aims at studying the nature of untreated and treated sago effluent to make a comparison of the quality of effluent water that are discharged into the water system. The untreated and treated sago effluent samples were collected from the factory and the physico chemical parameters were analyzed. The results were compared with ISI standard. The results are tabulated and conclusions are drawn.
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    Concentration of Selected Heavy Metals in Sediments and Liver of Wild African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Lake Kanyaboli, Kenya
    (Annual Research & Review in Biology, 2016) Omondi Cornel Akwiri; P. O. Raburu; O. J. B. Okeyo; F. Ramesh; F. O. Onyangore
    It is evident that high heavy metal concentrations in sediments are eventually magnified along the aquatic lives like fish hence affecting human health. The present study therefore sought to determine the concentration of some heavy metals in sediments and liver of Wild African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Lake Kanyaboli, Kenya. Fish were collected with the aid of a gill net of mesh size 4” and 5” whereas bottom sediments were collected by ErkMan crab sampler. The concentrations of Cadmium, Chromium, Zinc, Copper, and Lead in lake sediment and in the liver of Clariasgariepinus were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). Mean differences were determined using ANOVA and separation of means with Tukey’s test. Correlation analysis was done to determine the relationship of heavy metal contamination in sediments and fish liver. Obtained results showed that mean metal concentration in sediments were Cd (0.49 ± 0.02 - 0.77 ± 0.02), Cr (4.26 ± 0.015 - 7.48 ± 0.042), Zn (79.61 ± 0.57 - 87.09 ± 1.01), Cu (14.03 ± 0.05 - 20.43 ± 0.55) and Pb (14.38 ± 0.96 - 155.56 ± 0.21). Metals concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in station 2 than at the other stations. The mean heavy metal concentrations in Clarias gariepinus liver were Cd (nd- 0.22 ± 0.01), Cr (0.37 ± 0.01 - 1.67 ± 0.03), Zn (7.12 ± 0.03 - 13.40 ± 0.32), Cu (2.12 ± 0.12 - 4.16 ± 0.12) and Pb (1.63 ± 0.33 - 14.40 ± 0.58). Zn exhibited a significant difference between the stations. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed positive correlation between heavy metals in sediments and fish liver except for Pb - Cd (r = -0.638; p = 0.849), Pb - Zn (r = - 0418; p = 0.689) and Pb - Cu (r = -0.461). The study concluded that Lake Kanyaboli contained elevated levels of heavy metals probably due to anthropogenic activities. Consequently, activities that cause the contamination should be discouraged by the suitable governmental agencies.
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    Histopathological changes in the retina of the fish Clarias batrachus exposed to untreated and treated sago effluent
    (International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2013) F. Ramesh; K. Nagarajan
    The histopathological changes are observed in the retina of the fresh water fish Clarias batrachus exposed to different concentrations of untreated and treated sago effluent. The concentration chosen for untreated effluent and treated effluent were 50% and 100%. The histology of retina showed various degrees of deterioration when compared to control. The deterioration was very much reduced in the treated sago effluent when compared to the untreated sago effluent.